Mississippi Kite
Ictinia mississippiensis
The Mississippi Kite is an extremely graceful, long-winged raptor found in far West Tennessee. It is unusual among Tennessee's raptors in that it mostly feeds on flying insects, and flocks of 15 or more kites may gather where food is abundant. It can be found in the state from late April through early September soaring over woodlands, bottomland forests, and some urban and suburban neighborhoods. The breeding range extends across the southern U.S. from Arizona to northern Florida and up the Mississippi River to southwestern Illinois. The Mississippi Kite migrates to South America during the non-breeding season.
Description: The Mississippi Kite is falcon-like in shape with long, narrow, pointed wings, and a long tail. The head is pear gray, the body is a darker gray, and there is a pale patch on the rear edge of the wing when seen from above.
Length: 14"
Wingspan: 31"
Weight: 10 oz
Similar Species:
- The body length and wingspan of the Mississippi Kite and Peregrine Falcon are similar, but the Peregrine Falcon can be 3 times heavier. The lighter weight kite has a more buoyant flight.
Habitat: In Tennessee, Mississippi Kites are found in mature woodlands and bottomland forests near the Mississippi River and other wooded western rivers, and even some urban and suburban neighborhoods.
Diet: Mostly insects caught in flight, especially dragonflies.
Nesting and reproduction: In the western part of the range, Mississippi Kites may nest colonially. This behavior has not been recorded in Tennessee.
Clutch Size: Usually 2 eggs.
Incubation: Both adults incubate for 29 to 31 days.
Fledging: Both parents feed the young, which leave the nest in about 34 days, and fly well at about 7 weeks.
Nest: Mississippi Kites build a substantial, crow-sized nest near the top of a tall tree.
Status in Tennessee: The Mississippi Kite is a fairly common summer resident in West Tennessee and a rare migrant in the Middle and Eastern parts of the state. They arrive in late April and depart by early September. Due to its small population size, the Mississippi Kite is listed as In Need of Management in the State of Tennessee. Numbers appear to be increasing.
Dynamic map of Mississippi Kite eBird observations in Tennessee
Fun Facts:
- In an effort to increase the breeding population of Mississippi Kites in Tennessee, young kites were taken from nests of nuisance urban pairs in Kansas and released in West Tennessee. From 1983 through 2008, over 400 kites were released at sites in Memphis, Hatchie NWR, and at Paris Landing State Park. Although there is no direct evidence that these birds returned later to breed in the state, breeding populations in these regions have dramatically increased.
- In urban areas, Mississippi Kites are known to attack people who venture too close to their nest.
- The oldest recorded Mississippi Kite was 11 years, 2 months old.
Best places to see in Tennessee: Forested rivers and wooded swamps in the counties along the Mississippi River, and Hatchie NWR.
For more information:
Sources:
Nicholson, C. P. 1997. Atlas of Breeding Birds of Tennessee. Univ. of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, TN.
Parker, James W. 1999. Mississippi Kite (Ictinia mississippiensis), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online
Robinson J. C. 1990. An Annotated Checklist of the Birds of Tennessee. Univ. of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, TN.
Sibley, D. A. 2000. The Sibley Guide to Birds. A. A. Knopf, New York, NY.
Consider using the online bird checklist program at eBird to help us understand bird populations and distributions in Tennessee. Click here to see how.
